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 Scientific, Test, Measurement: EN 61326
Overview
Typical equipment falling under this category includes test and measurement equipment, as well as equipment which could be used in a laboratory.
European Union (EU) |
EN 61326, EN 55011, EN 61000-3-2, EN 61000-3-3 |
United States |
Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Title 47, Part 18 |
Compliance with the EMC Directive for the European Union (EU) entails meeting both emissions and immunity requirements. EMC requirements for scientific, test and measurement hardware are defined in EN 55011 and EN 61326, respectively. The latter document breaks down hardware covered by this standard into four categories. The environments, along with a sample test matrix for each, are given in the following sections.
In the United States, compliance of this type of equipment with federal requirements is governed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Limits are defined by the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 47, Part 18, which regulates the emissions (unintentional and intentional) from industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) products.
Sample Test Matrix for EN 61326: Industrial Locations [top of page]
Radiated E-field emissions, 30-1000 MHz |
EN 55011 |
Measures unintentional E-field emissions from product in normal operating mode. |
Conducted emissions, 0.15 - 30 MHz |
EN 55011 |
Measures unintentional emissions conducted back on the AC power mains. |
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) |
EN 61000-4-2 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to ESD
Contact discharge @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV
Air discharge @ ±2 kV, ±4 kV & ±8 kV
Indirect discharge via HCP & VCP @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV |
Radiated RF immunity |
EN 61000-4-3 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to fields generated by intentional transmitters (radio, TV, cell, etc.)
Electric field immunity, 10 V/m from 80 – 1000 MHz. Field is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to a depth of 80% |
Electrical fast transient/burst |
EN 61000-4-4 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to switching and transient noise; applicable to AC/DC input (±2 kV) and I/O cabling greater than 3 meters (±1-2 kV) |
Surge immunity |
EN 61000-4-5 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to switching and lightning-induced transients; applicable to AC input and I/O cabling which runs outside of building. Differential mode: ±0.5 kV, ±1.0 kV
Common mode: ±0.5 kV, ±1.0 kV & ±2.0 kV |
Conducted RF immunity |
EN 61000-4-6 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to low frequency fields generated by intentional transmitters (AM radio, TV, cell, etc.); applicable to AC input and I/O cabling greater than 3 meter in length; 3 Vrms from 0.15 to 80 MHz. Voltage is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to a depth of 80% |
Power frequency H-field immunity |
EN 61000-4-8 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to low frequency magnetic fields; 30 A/m at 50 and 60 Hz (power frequencies) on all three axes of product. |
Voltage dips and interruptions |
EN 61000-4-11 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to fluctuations on AC power input
Line @ 0% of nominal for 0.5 cycles, each polarity |
Industrial locations are characterized as having a separate power network and one or more of the following:
- frequent switching of inductive or capacitive loads,
- high currents and associated magnetic fields (e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machines or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines
- presence of industrial manufacturing hardware (e.g., welding machines)
Products falling into this category will most likely not be used in a residential environment. It is important to note that under EN 61326, AC power line harmonics and flicker are specifically excluded from Class A (non-residential) hardware.
Sample Test Matrix for EN 61326: Controlled EM Environments [top of page]
Radiated E-field emissions, 30-1000 MHz |
EN 55011 |
Measures unintentional E-field emissions from product in normal operating mode. |
Conducted emissions, 0.15 - 30 MHz |
EN 55011 |
Measures unintentional emissions conducted back on the AC power mains. |
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) |
EN 61000-4-2 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to ESD
Contact discharge @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV
Air discharge @ ±2 kV, ±4 kV & ±8 kV
Indirect discharge via HCP & VCP @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV |
Radiated RF immunity |
EN 61000-4-3 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to fields generated by intentional transmitters (radio, TV, cell, etc.)
Electric field immunity, 1 V/m from 80 – 1000 MHz. Field is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to a depth of 80% |
Electrical fast transient/burst |
EN 61000-4-4 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to switching and transient noise; applicable to AC/DC input (±1 kV) and I/O cabling greater than 3 meters (±0.5 kV) |
Surge immunity |
EN 61000-4-5 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to switching and lightning-induced transients; applicable to AC input only.
Differential mode: ±0.5 kV
Common mode: ±0.5 kV& ±1.0 kV |
Conducted RF immunity |
EN 61000-4-6 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to low frequency fields generated by intentional transmitters (AM radio, TV, cell, etc.); applicable to AC input and I/O cabling greater than 3 meter in length; 1 Vrms from 0.15 to 80 MHz. Voltage is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to a depth of 80% |
Voltage dips and interruptions |
EN 61000-4-11 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to fluctuations on AC power input
Line @ 0% of nominal for 0.5 cycles, each polarity |
A controlled EM environment within the scope of this standard is usually characterized by recognition and control of EMC threats by the users of the equipment or the design of the installation. Examples of this include the following:
- use in an ESD-controlled area (ESD smocks, wrist straps, ESD floor, etc. required)
- prohibited use of cellular telephones, hand-held transmitters
Products falling into this category will most likely not be used in a residential environment. It is important to note that under EN 61326, AC power line harmonics and flicker are specifically excluded from Class A (non-residential) hardware.
Sample Test Matrix for EN 61326: Portable Test/Measurement Equipment [top of page]
Radiated E-field emissions, 30-1000 MHz |
EN 55011 |
Measures unintentional E-field emissions from product in normal operating mode. |
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) |
EN 61000-4-2 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to ESD
Contact discharge @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV
Air discharge @ ±2 kV, ±4 kV & ±8 kV
Indirect discharge via HCP & VCP @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV |
Radiated RF immunity |
EN 61000-4-3 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to fields generated by intentional transmitters (radio, TV, cell, etc.)
Electric field immunity, 3 V/m from 80 – 1000 MHz. Field is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to a depth of 80% |
This environment is defined for equipment which is powered by an internal battery, or from the circuit being measured. That is, when the unit is operating, it has no AC mains connection. If equipment can be operated while charging, its environment is defined by one of the other three environments of this standard.
Since the operating environment for portable products is uncontrolled (that is, they can be used just about anywhere), it is advisable to comply with the Class B emission limits for residential environments.
Sample Test Matrix for EN 61326: Standard Laboratory Test/Measurement Area [top of page]
A standard laboratory or test and measurement area within the scope of this standard is an area that is specifically used for analysis, testing and servicing. Equipment within the scope has to be operated by trained personnel.
Radiated E-field emissions, 30-1000 MHz |
EN 55011 |
Measures unintentional E-field emissions from product in normal operating mode. |
Conducted emissions, 0.15 - 30 MHz |
EN 55011 |
Measures unintentional emissions conducted back on the AC power mains. |
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) |
EN 61000-4-2 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to ESD
Contact discharge @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV
Air discharge @ ±2 kV& ±4 kV
Indirect discharge via HCP & VCP @ ±2 kV & ±4 kV |
Radiated RF immunity |
EN 61000-4-3 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to fields generated by intentional transmitters (radio, TV, cell, etc.)
Electric field immunity, 3 V/m from 80 – 1000 MHz. Field is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to a depth of 80% |
Electrical fast transient/burst |
EN 61000-4-4 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to switching and transient noise; applicable to AC/DC input (±1 kV) and I/O cabling greater than 3 meters (±0.5-1 kV) |
Surge immunity |
EN 61000-4-5 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to switching and lightning-induced transients; applicable to AC input and I/O cabling which runs outside of building. Differential mode: ±0.5 kV
Common mode: ±0.5 kV& ±1.0 kV |
Conducted RF immunity |
EN 61000-4-6 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to low frequency fields generated by intentional transmitters (AM radio, TV, cell, etc.); applicable to AC input and I/O cabling greater than 3 meter in length; 3 Vrms from 0.15 to 80 MHz. Voltage is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to a depth of 80% |
Voltage dips and interruptions |
EN 61000-4-11 |
Performed to determine immunity of product to fluctuations on AC power input
Line @ 0% of nominal for 1 cycle, each polarity |
Products falling into this category will most likely not be used in a residential environment. It is important to note that under EN 61326, AC power line harmonics and flicker are specifically excluded from Class A (non-residential) hardware.
However, if a product could be used in a residential environment, it should comply with the Class B emission limits, as well as AC power line harmonics and flicker.
Technical Notes Concerning I/O Cables [top of page]
Approximately 80% of EMC compliance issues are related to cables. Power and I/O cables create the “antenna structure” for a product. These unintentional antennas can both radiate electromagnetic energy generated by electronics inside the product and receive electromagnetic energy impinged upon the product. The former could result in non-compliance with regard to emissions and the latter could create an immunity problem.
Since cables are an integral part of a product’s function and configuration, clients should realize some significant factors about cables prior to testing for EMC compliance.
- For emissions testing, all I/O ports (excluding service or maintenance) should be loaded with a cable of at least 1 meter in length, per ANSI C63.4
- For immunity testing, if a cable can be greater than 3 meters in length, electrical fast transient testing via capacitive clamp applies to this cable
- Non conductive cables (e.g., fiber optic or plastic tubes) are exempt from cable testing requirements
Scheduling [top of page]
EMC Integrity generates a detailed quotation for all formal compliance testing that we perform. Our quotations state the name of the product to be tested, the standards to which the product will be tested, the individual tests that will be performed and any additional testing that may be requested by the client. Tests are listed on a line-item basis, thus clearly delineating both the scope of work and the cost of each test. An outline of our process is given below.
Overview of EMCI’s RFQ Process.
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